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How many Knights does a Lord have ?


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How many Knights would a Lord have under his command. We know that most males in a   noble family would be Knights and that some commoners can become Knights. It's said    Manderly has more then one hundred Knights, where are they all coming from ? But House Osgery only had three Knights including the head of the house 

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I think it mainly comes down to how much money a house has. The Manderly's have the City of White Harbour and some silver mines (I think) as part of their fief so they are a wealthy house and can therefore afford to employ more knights/soldiers in general than minor houses like house Osgrey.

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10 hours ago, Scion of House Osgrey said:

How many Knights would a Lord have under his command. We know that most males in a   noble family would be Knights and that some commoners can become Knights. It's said    Manderly has more then one hundred Knights, where are they all coming from ? But House Osgery only had three Knights including the head of the house 

Wyman Manderly says to Davos that he has more heavy horse than any other Lord North of the Neck, even now after all his losses. Heavy horse equals a Northern Knight. Consider what that means for a moment, in terms of numbers.

This statement means that he has more heavy horse even than Roose Bolton, who is the next most powerful Northern Lord. Robb had 12000 men at Winterfell, of which 3000 were "heavy cavalry" according to Maester Luwin. Meaning one in four.

So if one in four of Roose's forces are heavy horse, then it means that if Roose has around 4000 men, he has at least 1000 "knights" in the Northern sense of the word.

So Manderly still has more than that, even now. Meaning 1200 is not at all unreasonable for him at this point in time. Maybe even 1500, for all we know.

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Well it really depends on a myriad of things with the power, wealth, influence, resources & location of the lord in question foremost of those. Ser Eustace wasn't even a lord, only a landed knight & perhaps about as low as one of them can be. He had to reach three knights by hiring Bennis & Dunk as sworn swords. It seems like Eustace is exactly the martial sort who earned a knighthood in his youth, but if he never did, he would still be referred to as a "Ser" by some as courtesy to his status in owning land.

Wyman Manderly OTOH, is exponentially more wealthy, powerful & influential than Eustace ever was (even when he became Lord of Coldmoat, or co, whatever). Plus, even though the Manderlys now live in the comparatively poor North to the Reach, the sheer area of land he controls means he does many, many times better than Eustace with the Osgrey-Webber lands. House Manderly controls the only true city in the North, White Harbor, thus giving Wyman a multitude of wealth, power & influence; which means besides the lands that are directly sworn to him (which likely includes the Woolfields' probable seat of Ramsgate, given the wording & Wylis' marriage to Leona Woolfield, perhaps up to the Sheepshead Hills that borders the lands of House Hornwood), he essentially leads all the lands east of the White Knife including House Locke of Oldcastle on the Bite & House Flint of Widow's Watch right out on the Shivering Sea. That's an area, though far less productive, probably larger than all the lands owned by & sworn to the Hightowers!

Although at least some Old Gods worshiping (generally not knights) Northern cavalry are comparable to knights, House Manderly seems to be somewhat different to most of their lordly counterparts in the region - the traditional, still First Men lordly Houses don't seem to have many, if any, landed knights (or the like) sworn to them like their southron cousins. The system seems to mainly be lordly Houses sworn direct to Winterfell & "clans" to a regional (specific geographical feature) overlord who in turn is sworn to Winterfell - forest clans to the Glovers of Deepwood Motte (a "Masterly" House which seems to hold dominion over most of Wolfswood), other Crannogmen Houses to the Reeds of Greywater Watch (rule over the Neck), perhaps other Houses in the "Lake District" (House Lake given their name & sigil similarity?) to the Tallharts of Torrhen's Square (another "Masterly" House), perhaps other Skagosi clans to the Magnars of Kingshouse. I wouldn't be surprised if the Starks tried to place one of the Mountain clans as overlord of the others at some stage, but they're too quarrelsome & powerful for that to have been long-lasting, & so each House rules themselves & their loyalty is direct to Winterfell.

I get the feeling that landed knights are much more of an Andal institution & indeed we see such most prominent in the Reach & Westerlands as a whole where they had the most peaceful & (arguably) successful integration, & in parts of the Vale, Riverlands, Dorne & the Stormlands where they were more successful in subduing the FM. Indeed, though the Andal invasion & assimilation were over centuries, such huge numbers of individuals warlords & adventurers would be better facilitated in the lands being parceled out more with the lesser of them & the subdued FM becoming the landed knights. It may be the more successful of the FM kings like the Starks, Durrandons & Gardeners utilised a system where most of their vassals are lords & sworn direct to the royal family & seat so as keep their more powerful ones from becoming too powerful; & the same was achieved for the Andal dynasties, but just with a more complex system with greater numbers of vassals with landed knights sworn to some lords & some lords sworn to more powerful lords, instead of only directly to the royal family & seat.

House Manderly seems to have brought & gradually implemented this more Andalised system to their lands in the North, given their dozen petty lords & a hundred landed knights (both directly & nominally sworn). IIRC, the only known petty lord sworn to a more powerful one in this more Andalised structure (outside of the Manderly structure) is House Stout of Goldgrass (near the eastern gate of Barrowton) to the Dustins of Barrowton. The Stouts likely don't hold a huge amount of land, especially compared to other Northern lords, due to their extreme proximity to Barrowton & it may be that they earn much of their income from say tolls &/or trade on traffic entering the town having come from the Kingsroad & surrounds to the east (which would be most of such for Barrowton). Indeed, Race for the Iron Throne's theory that Barrowton is a livestock market makes perfect sense:

  • It's of course by far the largest & most centralised town for hundreds of miles, in between the famed horse-breeding region of the Rills under the Dustins' at least recently (& I believe for very long time) Ryswell allies & effectively semi-vassals, & the likely comparatively fertile (to most of the North) Barrowlands (I'm guessing cattle grazing is prominent).
  • Plus, there's probably some business from the Manderly lands, which includes presumably the prime of the North's sheep industry under the Woolfields of Ramsgate down from the Sheepshead Hills.
  • There's perhaps even some business from the Riverlands, especially as the Freys are surely rich from their own livestock trade (particularly cattle) besides tolls & their large lands & the Brackens are the Riverlands' Ryswells.
  • Livestock from elsewhere in the North can be brought to Barrowton, especially perhaps select breeding individuals to better survive a winter, & mayhaps even sent down to the Riverlands to winter there & sent back up North come spring.

Though still aways from the Manderly one, the Dustin structure & region does seem to be most "southronised" in the North & this may be exhibited in a semi-Andalised noble system with other possible examples besides the Stouts in say the Ironsmiths to either the Dustins or the Ryswells, & the Glenmores (admittedly, only in the Telltale game thus far) of Rillwater Crossing to the Ryswells most like.

Then there's the very occasional individual like Ser Kevan Lannister who isn't a lord or even a landed knight, mostly from a Great House or a royal, who says:

Quote

"I hold no lands, that is true. But I have certain incomes, and chests of coin set aside. My own father forgot none of his children when he died, and Tywin knew how to reward good service. I feed two hundred knights and can double that number if need be. There are freeriders who will follow my banner, and I have the gold to hire sellswords." (A Feast for Crows, Cersei II)

In conjunction with actually answering your main question, there's also the impacts of peace vs war as to how many knights a lord would have though, on top of the other factors ...

Taking House Webber of Coldmoat as your average minor lordship (especially as part of Reach, but not a hugely fertile part, so a good rough middle figure) with no known landed knights (if any, would almost certainly only be one or two) sworn to them (Osgrey of Standfast is to Rowan of Goldengrove instead) & sworn to a major lord (Rowans) instead of just the Lord Paramount direct (Tyrell); Lady Rohanne had six knights riding at the quintain, Ser Lucas Longinch watching, & an unknown number of knights leaving the sept when Dunk arrived. Though not all men noted as knights necessarily are (e.g. the Hound), Rohanne later brings seven knights including Longinch (& her cousin, Ser Wendell) to the parley with Dunk & co at the Chequy Water, so at least most of them seemingly were. By that, & her leaving at least one back at Coldmoat for its defence, & a couple perhaps not on hand for whatever reasons; she probably has at least 10 knights, perhaps 12, on hand in what is still essentially peace time - quite unlikely that she was able to hire or marshal any more from neighbours (& she didn't need to). During wartime, at the start & early stages of the campaign; Coldmoat should be able to support around 20 knights, perhaps even up to 30 when we consider that it supports 20 times the smallfolk as Standfast. Also, as the First Blackfyre Rebellion was less than fifteen years previous, the Great Spring Sickness only two, & a drought since that; rounding up for more preferable conditions & perhaps a more average minor lordship being a bit more powerful, such should be fine with having around 15-20 knights during peace & up to 30 during war.

Your Lord Paramounts with their entire regions (obviously besides the Greyjoys) & extremely powerful & wealthy Houses like the Hightowers, current-era Freys, & Royces (leading the Lords Declarant, & the geographically isolated Tolletts, Coldwaters, & Shetts of Gull Tower could just be sworn to House Royce in this situation & not normally) are going to have thousand/s of knights:

  • Walder Frey has 1k knights (admittedly, is assuming presumably all of his horse are knights which would not be the case, but the much of their horse that aren't knights would definitely be comparable to your average hedge knight because of their wealth so we can let this figure slide) among 4k men for Robb in AGoT, both extremely high numbers for a non-Great House, especially in the Riverlands. Keep in mind that wouldn't be all of the Frey forces as well with perhaps another 1k men, possibly even 2k, making up garrisons & un-marshaled men kept behind for harvests. It's very unlikely that there is anywhere near such a large ratio of knights left behind to that who went, but there would be dozens, mayhaps even around 100 still at home during the Wot5K. During peacetime, there would likely be at least 200 knights. There's a couple dozen knights (inc. equivalents in the likes of Black Walder) & squires to push the figure to around 40 all up within House Frey itself alone.
  • The Hightowers have Oldtown, a city of a couple hundred thousand people with a City Watch of probably around 1k, to draw from direct from, along with the surrounding lands sworn direct - figures which would provide dozens of knights at least, even in peacetime. Additionally, they have at least five major Houses as bannermen who would have their own landed knights & possibly even minor lords; the Beesburys, Bulwers, Costaynes, Cuys & Mullendores. Each would have dozens of their own knights at least (likely even +100 during war), even in peacetime, so the Hightowers would have 200 knights at minimum during peacetime, likely +300 & possibly towards 500. Certainly they have the wealth & influence to acquire at least 1k for war if given enough time & would often have +500 at least.
  • Bronze Yohn Royce controls some 20k men as the leader of the six Lords Declarant in AFfC, of which at least 1k would be knights & possibly up to 2k. The Vale, especially among the Lords of the Vale proper & more prosperous regions of the Fingers/MotM foothills, has a strong tradition of knighthood, such estimates should be ballpark. Alone, without their isolated "vassals", the AGoT Resource Guide puts the number of men House Royce can field as comparable to the Freys, 3-4k. Let's say 3k to be safe, which should give them +100 knights in peacetime & likely at least 200 in war.
  • The Targs/Baratheons, just considering the Crownlands, would be the lowest end of the Great House numbers with only being able to marshal about 15-20k men total (City Watch = 2k, Dragonstone & vassals = 3k & rest of Crownlands = 10-15k), up to 1k of those knights, perhaps a couple hundred more at a pinch. The Crownlands was frequently among the very most war-torn during the Targ era & especially took a hammering during the Bobellion in providing most of the royal army under JonCon & much of the 40k Royalists at the Trident (only 10k from the Dornish & likely only around 10k, 15k absolute tops, combined from the Reach, Riverlands, Stormlands & Vale).
  • The Baratheons & Martells would be at the lower ends of Great House knight numbers with both only able to martial roughly up to 30k men each by the time of ASoIaF, especially having taken some of the heaviest wartime losses during the Targaryen era, the Dornish especially earlier during such & the Stormlands in more recent decades. Additionally, there would be quite a lower ratio of knights among their soldiers compared to the Reach due to geographical differences influencing changes in fighting methods & less use of heavy cavalry. Still, as total regions both Houses would be able to raise +1k knights each, the Stormlands perhaps more than Dorne.
  • The Tullys (without the Freys) & Arryns (without the Royces) hold the middle ground of the Great Houses in being able to field up to around 40k each, with likely +2k knights each, the Arryns probably more than the Tullys. Both are perhaps only behind the Reach in terms of a strong tradition of knighthood, but are hampered by some of their geography meaning a lower ratio.
  • The Lannisters would be on the high end of the Great Houses in being able to marshal up to 50k men for war, with 2.5k knights at minimum, likely 3k & up to 5k if necessary. The Westerlands' mining wealth negates the negatives of geography for them to be able to field knight ratios similar to the Reach.
  • The Tyrells are the very highest end of the Great Houses scale in being able to field 80-100k men during wartime, with the greatest tradition of knighthood & means to support such after the Westerlands, so likely 4-5k knights at the lower end of the scale with the potential for up to 8-10k.

As for vassal Houses:

  • Only the City Watch, Dragonstone & vassals, & Duskendale pre-Defiance in the Crownlands could field +100 knights each.
  • Prominent Marcher lord Houses (arguably the strongest in the Stormlands after the Baratheons) Caron & Dondarrion marshaled 800 knights & nearly 4k foot against a Vulture King in 206AC. Though again, this was only a decade after the First Blackfyre Rebellion, those knights may not all have been so (perhaps the number of men mounted) & a percentage of those would've been hedge knights & other noble Stormlands knights (possibly even royal assistance, especially considering the proximity of Summerhall & Prince Baelor's wife being Jena Dondarrion) assembled over some time. Nevertheless, the Carons, Dondarrions & Swanns would be able to field +100 knights during wartime. Stormlords like the Penroses, Bucklers, Conningtons (pre-Bobellion), Tarths, Wyldes & Estermonts would possibly be able to reach 100 too.
  • Dornish Houses that could field +100 knights during wartime for certain would be only the Yronwoods (with Wyl bannermen), but the Daynes & Fowlers would be fair possibilities. The Blackmonts, Allyrions, Lemonwoods, Tolands, Jordaynes, Manwoodys, Vaiths, Gargalens & Ullers at least could have dozens.
  • Riverlands Houses capable of marshaling +100 knights for war would possibly be the Blackwoods, Brackens, Mootons (pre-Bobellion), Darrys (pre-Bob), Whents (especially pre-Bob), Mallisters, Pipers, & Vances (separate branches).
  • Vale Houses (pre-LF becoming Gulltown customs official & later Master of Coin in helping to get so many into such large debt through sneaky practices) capable of fielding +100 knights in wartime are the Corbrays, Graftons, Waynwoods, Hunters, Redforts - & possibly the Belmores, Templetons, Lynderlys & Melcolms.
  • Westerlands Houses capable of fielding +100 knights for war would certainly be the Lannisters of Lannisport, the Reynes (back when they were around), Crakehalls, Leffords, Marbrands, Presters-Kennings, Serretts - & possibly the Plumms, Lyddens, Baneforts, & Farmans.
  • Reach Houses capable of marshaling +200 knights certainly would be the Redwynes, Rowans, Peakes before the First Blackfyre Rebellion & probably the Oakhearts. Those of +100 knights would be the Tarlys, Florents, Blackbars, Fossoways (at least the reds & possibly the greens too), Caswells, definitely the Shields Islands combined, Footlys (with a healthy Tumbleton), Ashfords, Vyrwels & Meadows.

The above wartime calculations would be for how many knights each could House or region could feasibly provide for with training, 2-3 horses with a squire mounted on one, basic cavalry arms & armour for say half & more "knightly" ones (e.g. at least some plate) for the other half, upkeep, & equipment ransoms for at least 1/4 & themselves for at least 1/6(?); over a period of say 2 years. Peacetime figures would be what - half the numbers at best. I agree with your Northern numbers for the most part, but they don't fit as well with this kind of criteria. With the North having less means to meet such & total number of men that could be called upon being 40k (more realistically around 30k), the Starks are only going to be able to field around 2k knights & equivalents absolutely tops (probably only 1.5k). The Manderlys, Boltons & Dustin-Ryswells would each be able to marshal +200 (perhaps 300-ish for the formermost & lattermost at a pinch), with likely only the Karstarks, Umbers, Hornwoods, Tallharts & Winterfell-Cerwyn able to provide +100.

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16 hours ago, Lord Corlys Velaryon said:

Well it really depends on a myriad of things with the power, wealth, influence, resources & location of the lord in question foremost of those. Ser Eustace wasn't even a lord, only a landed knight & perhaps about as low as one of them can be. He had to reach three knights by hiring Bennis & Dunk as sworn swords. It seems like Eustace is exactly the martial sort who earned a knighthood in his youth, but if he never did, he would still be referred to as a "Ser" by some as courtesy to his status in owning land.

Wyman Manderly OTOH, is exponentially more wealthy, powerful & influential than Eustace ever was (even when he became Lord of Coldmoat, or co, whatever). Plus, even though the Manderlys now live in the comparatively poor North to the Reach, the sheer area of land he controls means he does many, many times better than Eustace with the Osgrey-Webber lands. House Manderly controls the only true city in the North, White Harbor, thus giving Wyman a multitude of wealth, power & influence; which means besides the lands that are directly sworn to him (which likely includes the Woolfields' probable seat of Ramsgate, given the wording & Wylis' marriage to Leona Woolfield, perhaps up to the Sheepshead Hills that borders the lands of House Hornwood), he essentially leads all the lands east of the White Knife including House Locke of Oldcastle on the Bite & House Flint of Widow's Watch right out on the Shivering Sea. That's an area, though far less productive, probably larger than all the lands owned by & sworn to the Hightowers!

Although at least some Old Gods worshiping (generally not knights) Northern cavalry are comparable to knights, House Manderly seems to be somewhat different to most of their lordly counterparts in the region - the traditional, still First Men lordly Houses don't seem to have many, if any, landed knights (or the like) sworn to them like their southron cousins. The system seems to mainly be lordly Houses sworn direct to Winterfell & "clans" to a regional (specific geographical feature) overlord who in turn is sworn to Winterfell - forest clans to the Glovers of Deepwood Motte (a "Masterly" House which seems to hold dominion over most of Wolfswood), other Crannogmen Houses to the Reeds of Greywater Watch (rule over the Neck), perhaps other Houses in the "Lake District" (House Lake given their name & sigil similarity?) to the Tallharts of Torrhen's Square (another "Masterly" House), perhaps other Skagosi clans to the Magnars of Kingshouse. I wouldn't be surprised if the Starks tried to place one of the Mountain clans as overlord of the others at some stage, but they're too quarrelsome & powerful for that to have been long-lasting, & so each House rules themselves & their loyalty is direct to Winterfell.

I get the feeling that landed knights are much more of an Andal institution & indeed we see such most prominent in the Reach & Westerlands as a whole where they had the most peaceful & (arguably) successful integration, & in parts of the Vale, Riverlands, Dorne & the Stormlands where they were more successful in subduing the FM. Indeed, though the Andal invasion & assimilation were over centuries, such huge numbers of individuals warlords & adventurers would be better facilitated in the lands being parceled out more with the lesser of them & the subdued FM becoming the landed knights. It may be the more successful of the FM kings like the Starks, Durrandons & Gardeners utilised a system where most of their vassals are lords & sworn direct to the royal family & seat so as keep their more powerful ones from becoming too powerful; & the same was achieved for the Andal dynasties, but just with a more complex system with greater numbers of vassals with landed knights sworn to some lords & some lords sworn to more powerful lords, instead of only directly to the royal family & seat.

House Manderly seems to have brought & gradually implemented this more Andalised system to their lands in the North, given their dozen petty lords & a hundred landed knights (both directly & nominally sworn). IIRC, the only known petty lord sworn to a more powerful one in this more Andalised structure (outside of the Manderly structure) is House Stout of Goldgrass (near the eastern gate of Barrowton) to the Dustins of Barrowton. The Stouts likely don't hold a huge amount of land, especially compared to other Northern lords, due to their extreme proximity to Barrowton & it may be that they earn much of their income from say tolls &/or trade on traffic entering the town having come from the Kingsroad & surrounds to the east (which would be most of such for Barrowton). Indeed, Race for the Iron Throne's theory that Barrowton is a livestock market makes perfect sense:

  • It's of course by far the largest & most centralised town for hundreds of miles, in between the famed horse-breeding region of the Rills under the Dustins' at least recently (& I believe for very long time) Ryswell allies & effectively semi-vassals, & the likely comparatively fertile (to most of the North) Barrowlands (I'm guessing cattle grazing is prominent).
  • Plus, there's probably some business from the Manderly lands, which includes presumably the prime of the North's sheep industry under the Woolfields of Ramsgate down from the Sheepshead Hills.
  • There's perhaps even some business from the Riverlands, especially as the Freys are surely rich from their own livestock trade (particularly cattle) besides tolls & their large lands & the Brackens are the Riverlands' Ryswells.
  • Livestock from elsewhere in the North can be brought to Barrowton, especially perhaps select breeding individuals to better survive a winter, & mayhaps even sent down to the Riverlands to winter there & sent back up North come spring.

Though still aways from the Manderly one, the Dustin structure & region does seem to be most "southronised" in the North & this may be exhibited in a semi-Andalised noble system with other possible examples besides the Stouts in say the Ironsmiths to either the Dustins or the Ryswells, & the Glenmores (admittedly, only in the Telltale game thus far) of Rillwater Crossing to the Ryswells most like.

Then there's the very occasional individual like Ser Kevan Lannister who isn't a lord or even a landed knight, mostly from a Great House or a royal, who says:

In conjunction with actually answering your main question, there's also the impacts of peace vs war as to how many knights a lord would have though, on top of the other factors ...

Taking House Webber of Coldmoat as your average minor lordship (especially as part of Reach, but not a hugely fertile part, so a good rough middle figure) with no known landed knights (if any, would almost certainly only be one or two) sworn to them (Osgrey of Standfast is to Rowan of Goldengrove instead) & sworn to a major lord (Rowans) instead of just the Lord Paramount direct (Tyrell); Lady Rohanne had six knights riding at the quintain, Ser Lucas Longinch watching, & an unknown number of knights leaving the sept when Dunk arrived. Though not all men noted as knights necessarily are (e.g. the Hound), Rohanne later brings seven knights including Longinch (& her cousin, Ser Wendell) to the parley with Dunk & co at the Chequy Water, so at least most of them seemingly were. By that, & her leaving at least one back at Coldmoat for its defence, & a couple perhaps not on hand for whatever reasons; she probably has at least 10 knights, perhaps 12, on hand in what is still essentially peace time - quite unlikely that she was able to hire or marshal any more from neighbours (& she didn't need to). During wartime, at the start & early stages of the campaign; Coldmoat should be able to support around 20 knights, perhaps even up to 30 when we consider that it supports 20 times the smallfolk as Standfast. Also, as the First Blackfyre Rebellion was less than fifteen years previous, the Great Spring Sickness only two, & a drought since that; rounding up for more preferable conditions & perhaps a more average minor lordship being a bit more powerful, such should be fine with having around 15-20 knights during peace & up to 30 during war.

Your Lord Paramounts with their entire regions (obviously besides the Greyjoys) & extremely powerful & wealthy Houses like the Hightowers, current-era Freys, & Royces (leading the Lords Declarant, & the geographically isolated Tolletts, Coldwaters, & Shetts of Gull Tower could just be sworn to House Royce in this situation & not normally) are going to have thousand/s of knights:

  • Walder Frey has 1k knights (admittedly, is assuming presumably all of his horse are knights which would not be the case, but the much of their horse that aren't knights would definitely be comparable to your average hedge knight because of their wealth so we can let this figure slide) among 4k men for Robb in AGoT, both extremely high numbers for a non-Great House, especially in the Riverlands. Keep in mind that wouldn't be all of the Frey forces as well with perhaps another 1k men, possibly even 2k, making up garrisons & un-marshaled men kept behind for harvests. It's very unlikely that there is anywhere near such a large ratio of knights left behind to that who went, but there would be dozens, mayhaps even around 100 still at home during the Wot5K. During peacetime, there would likely be at least 200 knights. There's a couple dozen knights (inc. equivalents in the likes of Black Walder) & squires to push the figure to around 40 all up within House Frey itself alone.
  • The Hightowers have Oldtown, a city of a couple hundred thousand people with a City Watch of probably around 1k, to draw from direct from, along with the surrounding lands sworn direct - figures which would provide dozens of knights at least, even in peacetime. Additionally, they have at least five major Houses as bannermen who would have their own landed knights & possibly even minor lords; the Beesburys, Bulwers, Costaynes, Cuys & Mullendores. Each would have dozens of their own knights at least (likely even +100 during war), even in peacetime, so the Hightowers would have 200 knights at minimum during peacetime, likely +300 & possibly towards 500. Certainly they have the wealth & influence to acquire at least 1k for war if given enough time & would often have +500 at least.
  • Bronze Yohn Royce controls some 20k men as the leader of the six Lords Declarant in AFfC, of which at least 1k would be knights & possibly up to 2k. The Vale, especially among the Lords of the Vale proper & more prosperous regions of the Fingers/MotM foothills, has a strong tradition of knighthood, such estimates should be ballpark. Alone, without their isolated "vassals", the AGoT Resource Guide puts the number of men House Royce can field as comparable to the Freys, 3-4k. Let's say 3k to be safe, which should give them +100 knights in peacetime & likely at least 200 in war.
  • The Targs/Baratheons, just considering the Crownlands, would be the lowest end of the Great House numbers with only being able to marshal about 15-20k men total (City Watch = 2k, Dragonstone & vassals = 3k & rest of Crownlands = 10-15k), up to 1k of those knights, perhaps a couple hundred more at a pinch. The Crownlands was frequently among the very most war-torn during the Targ era & especially took a hammering during the Bobellion in providing most of the royal army under JonCon & much of the 40k Royalists at the Trident (only 10k from the Dornish & likely only around 10k, 15k absolute tops, combined from the Reach, Riverlands, Stormlands & Vale).
  • The Baratheons & Martells would be at the lower ends of Great House knight numbers with both only able to martial roughly up to 30k men each by the time of ASoIaF, especially having taken some of the heaviest wartime losses during the Targaryen era, the Dornish especially earlier during such & the Stormlands in more recent decades. Additionally, there would be quite a lower ratio of knights among their soldiers compared to the Reach due to geographical differences influencing changes in fighting methods & less use of heavy cavalry. Still, as total regions both Houses would be able to raise +1k knights each, the Stormlands perhaps more than Dorne.
  • The Tullys (without the Freys) & Arryns (without the Royces) hold the middle ground of the Great Houses in being able to field up to around 40k each, with likely +2k knights each, the Arryns probably more than the Tullys. Both are perhaps only behind the Reach in terms of a strong tradition of knighthood, but are hampered by some of their geography meaning a lower ratio.
  • The Lannisters would be on the high end of the Great Houses in being able to marshal up to 50k men for war, with 2.5k knights at minimum, likely 3k & up to 5k if necessary. The Westerlands' mining wealth negates the negatives of geography for them to be able to field knight ratios similar to the Reach.
  • The Tyrells are the very highest end of the Great Houses scale in being able to field 80-100k men during wartime, with the greatest tradition of knighthood & means to support such after the Westerlands, so likely 4-5k knights at the lower end of the scale with the potential for up to 8-10k.

As for vassal Houses:

  • Only the City Watch, Dragonstone & vassals, & Duskendale pre-Defiance in the Crownlands could field +100 knights each.
  • Prominent Marcher lord Houses (arguably the strongest in the Stormlands after the Baratheons) Caron & Dondarrion marshaled 800 knights & nearly 4k foot against a Vulture King in 206AC. Though again, this was only a decade after the First Blackfyre Rebellion, those knights may not all have been so (perhaps the number of men mounted) & a percentage of those would've been hedge knights & other noble Stormlands knights (possibly even royal assistance, especially considering the proximity of Summerhall & Prince Baelor's wife being Jena Dondarrion) assembled over some time. Nevertheless, the Carons, Dondarrions & Swanns would be able to field +100 knights during wartime. Stormlords like the Penroses, Bucklers, Conningtons (pre-Bobellion), Tarths, Wyldes & Estermonts would possibly be able to reach 100 too.
  • Dornish Houses that could field +100 knights during wartime for certain would be only the Yronwoods (with Wyl bannermen), but the Daynes & Fowlers would be fair possibilities. The Blackmonts, Allyrions, Lemonwoods, Tolands, Jordaynes, Manwoodys, Vaiths, Gargalens & Ullers at least could have dozens.
  • Riverlands Houses capable of marshaling +100 knights for war would possibly be the Blackwoods, Brackens, Mootons (pre-Bobellion), Darrys (pre-Bob), Whents (especially pre-Bob), Mallisters, Pipers, & Vances (separate branches).
  • Vale Houses (pre-LF becoming Gulltown customs official & later Master of Coin in helping to get so many into such large debt through sneaky practices) capable of fielding +100 knights in wartime are the Corbrays, Graftons, Waynwoods, Hunters, Redforts - & possibly the Belmores, Templetons, Lynderlys & Melcolms.
  • Westerlands Houses capable of fielding +100 knights for war would certainly be the Lannisters of Lannisport, the Reynes (back when they were around), Crakehalls, Leffords, Marbrands, Presters-Kennings, Serretts - & possibly the Plumms, Lyddens, Baneforts, & Farmans.
  • Reach Houses capable of marshaling +200 knights certainly would be the Redwynes, Rowans, Peakes before the First Blackfyre Rebellion & probably the Oakhearts. Those of +100 knights would be the Tarlys, Florents, Blackbars, Fossoways (at least the reds & possibly the greens too), Caswells, definitely the Shields Islands combined, Footlys (with a healthy Tumbleton), Ashfords, Vyrwels & Meadows.

The above wartime calculations would be for how many knights each could House or region could feasibly provide for with training, 2-3 horses with a squire mounted on one, basic cavalry arms & armour for say half & more "knightly" ones (e.g. at least some plate) for the other half, upkeep, & equipment ransoms for at least 1/4 & themselves for at least 1/6(?); over a period of say 2 years. Peacetime figures would be what - half the numbers at best. I agree with your Northern numbers for the most part, but they don't fit as well with this kind of criteria. With the North having less means to meet such & total number of men that could be called upon being 40k (more realistically around 30k), the Starks are only going to be able to field around 2k knights & equivalents absolutely tops (probably only 1.5k). The Manderlys, Boltons & Dustin-Ryswells would each be able to marshal +200 (perhaps 300-ish for the formermost & lattermost at a pinch), with likely only the Karstarks, Umbers, Hornwoods, Tallharts & Winterfell-Cerwyn able to provide +100.

Good post. Just one issue to point out.

Every major lord in the North has the type of petty lord and landed knight hierarchy below them that the Manderlys have. It is just that in the cases of followers of the Old Gods, the landed knights are called Masterly Houses. That was confirmed by Ran after confirmation by George himself. I only found out about this a month or so ago, after debating the meaning of the Glover and Tallhart Masterly House titles for a couple of years or so.

So while Manderly has a hundred landed knights and a dozen petty lords sworn to him, Roose Bolton might have 60 Masterly Houses and 8 petty lords sworn to him and so on and so forth.

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